The memorial to 18-year-old Fredy Villanueva was mostly made up of birthday balloons, flowers, and candles. It featured a portrait of Villanueva himself, in an immaculate white suit that matched the snow that had blanketed the makeshift shrine.

The shrine was torched earlier this month. Now it's just a tree covered in cold cinders.

Eight years after Villanueva was shot to death by police officers, an act of violence that sparked social unrest in Montreal-North, another man's death incited residents to take to the streets again to denounce police brutality.